Footnotes

1. ZiS–53, ZiS–S–53, F–39, D–5S, D–5T and D–44 obr.1944. Source: Russian Military Zone and Red Steel. The D–44 is an improved version of the ZiS–S–53, which in turn is a slightly improved variant of the ZiS–53. The F–39 ballistic characteristics and ammunition is similar to the ZiS–53. According to the Russian Military Zone the D–5S and D–5T ballistic data is equal to that of ZiS–S–53. The gun penetration data comes from the D–44 entry on Soviet Guns 1920–1945 as it is more complete, although all the figures given for ranges of 500m or more are unfortunately rounded to the nearest 5mm. This results in some unusual variations in armour penetration with range. To correct some of this the gun penetration figures for the BR–365 APBC projectile at 0° come from the T–34/85 entry in the Russian Military Zone. Other projectiles were PBR–367 APCR tracer, and two post-war projectiles UBR–367 and UBR–367P. Details of these projectiles can be found at Soviet Guns 1920–1945. The muzzle velocity given for the D–44 in Soviet Guns 1920–1945 is much higher than for the other guns, but I cannot determine the reason for this. [up]

2. 85mm AAG KS–12 obr.1939. Source: Russian Military Zone. The maximum effective range against tanks was 925m. There were two additional APCR projectiles for this gun but I have assumed that the penetration data is for an AP projectile. The angle of penetration is probably zero degrees because of the format of most of the data on Soviet Guns 1920–1945. This gun is (incorrectly) referred to as a model 1938 in the ammunition tables on Soviet Guns 1920–1945. The muzzle velocity has a question mark “?” indicating it is for an unknown projectile (i.e., not necessarily the BR–365 or BR–365K). These guns were seldom used in the anti-tank role except as a temporary expedient until the 100mm BS–3 ATG was in service; an example is the battle of Kursk when special Army anti-tank units were formed, equipped with 85mm AAG KS–12s. [up]

3. 85mm AAG KS–12A obr.1944. Source: Russian Military Zone. The maximum effective range against tanks was 1,200m. There was an additional APCR projectile for this gun but I have assumed that the penetration data is for an AP projectile. The angle of penetration is probably zero degrees because of the format of most of the data on Soviet Guns 1920–1945. The muzzle velocity has a question mark “?” indicating it is for an unknown projectile (i.e., not necessarily the BR–365 or BR–365K). [up]